下面是我之前需要的範例:
$sqlstring = "select
to_char(thedate,'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS') as thedate
from tables
order by thedate desc";
Examples - Numbers
The following are number examples for the to_char function.
| to_char(1210.73, '9999.9') | would return '1210.7' |
| to_char(1210.73, '9,999.99') | would return '1,210.73' |
| to_char(1210.73, '$9,999.00') | would return '$1,210.73' |
| to_char(21, '000099') | would return '000021' |
Examples - Dates
The following is a list of valid parameters when the to_char function is used to convert a date to a string. These parameters can be used in many combinations.
| YEAR | Year, spelled out |
| YYYY | 4-digit year |
| YYY YY Y | Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of year. |
| IYY IY I | Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of ISO year. |
| IYYY | 4-digit year based on the ISO standard |
| Q | Quarter of year (1, 2, 3, 4; JAN-MAR = 1). |
| MM | Month (01-12; JAN = 01). |
| MON | Abbreviated name of month. |
| MONTH | Name of month, padded with blanks to length of 9 characters. |
| RM | Roman numeral month (I-XII; JAN = I). |
| WW | Week of year (1-53) where week 1 starts on the first day of the year and continues to the seventh day of the year. |
| W | Week of month (1-5) where week 1 starts on the first day of the month and ends on the seventh. |
| IW | Week of year (1-52 or 1-53) based on the ISO standard. |
| D | Day of week (1-7). |
| DAY | Name of day. |
| DD | Day of month (1-31). |
| DDD | Day of year (1-366). |
| DY | Abbreviated name of day. |
| J | Julian day; the number of days since January 1, 4712 BC. |
| HH | Hour of day (1-12). |
| HH12 | Hour of day (1-12). |
| HH24 | Hour of day (0-23). |
| MI | Minute (0-59). |
| SS | Second (0-59). |
| SSSSS | Seconds past midnight (0-86399). |
| FF | Fractional seconds. |
The following are date examples for the to_char function.
| to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy/mm/dd'); | would return '2003/07/09' |
| to_char(sysdate, 'Month DD, YYYY'); | would return 'July 09, 2003' |
| to_char(sysdate, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY'); | would return 'July 9, 2003' |
| to_char(sysdate, 'MON DDth, YYYY'); | would return 'JUL 09TH, 2003' |
| to_char(sysdate, 'FMMON DDth, YYYY'); | would return 'JUL 9TH, 2003' |
| to_char(sysdate, 'FMMon ddth, YYYY'); | would return 'Jul 9th, 2003' |
You will notice that in some examples, the format_mask parameter begins with "FM". This means that zeros and blanks are suppressed. This can be seen in the examples below.
| to_char(sysdate, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY'); | would return 'July 9, 2003' |
| to_char(sysdate, 'FMMON DDth, YYYY'); | would return 'JUL 9TH, 2003' |
| to_char(sysdate, 'FMMon ddth, YYYY'); | would return 'Jul 9th, 2003' |
The zeros have been suppressed so that the day component shows as "9" as opposed to "09".
Frequently Asked Questions
Question : Why doesn't this sort the day's of the week in order?
select ename, hiredate, to_char((hiredate),'fmDay') "Day"
from emp
order by "Day";
Answer :
The fmDay parameter will return the name of the Day and not the numeric value of the day.
Try the following:
select ename, hiredate, to_char((hiredate),'fmDD') "Day"
from emp
order by "Day";
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